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Commissars Vladimir Lenin (left) and Leon Trotsky (saluting)
If you’ve been following Vladimir Putin’s
image troubles
over the Schneerson Library, the priceless Chabad literary trove that
the Bolsheviks seized, Russia held and Crown Heights wants, you may have
heard about his
weird remarks last Thursday (June 13) when he handed over a batch of the treasure to the new
Chabad-run museum
in Moscow: “The decision to nationalize this library was made by the
first Soviet government, whose composition was 80-85 percent Jewish.” He
added that those Jews were blinded by “false ideological
considerations,” from which we have thankfully recovered.
His point, apparently, was to explain whose fault it
was that this Jewish treasure ended up in Soviet vaults. What’s scary is
that he thinks he’s stating an obvious truth that nobody would object
to. His appearance was meant as a friendly gesture. Why would anybody be
offended if he reminded them that it was the Jews who ruined Russia?
That was then. Now we’re all friends, right?
You might be tempted to think his remarks have just
enough ring of truth to sound plausible. After all, weren’t the Jews in
Russia back then fiercely opposed to the oppressive, pogromist tsarist
regime? (Well, yeah.) Weren’t they the ones who brought all those
radical ideas about socialism and trade unions to America? (Uh, sort
of.) On the other hand, you might have been thinking that he was
spouting some nasty conspiracy theories from the annals of the
Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Isn’t this Jewish-reds-take-over-Mother-Russia precisely what the Protocols say? (Bingo.)
Well, it’s easy enough to check: the names of the members of the first Soviet government are
quite readily available,
and the individual biographies are easy enough to check. But you
needn’t go the trouble: Yori Yanover over at the Jewish Press has
done the job for you.
He’s gone through the 16 names on the first Council of People’s
Commissars under the Bolsheviks, and found precisely one Jew among them,
Leon Trotsky. I trust Yori—we frequently disagree on issues, but he’s
an excellent reporter (and an exceptionally fine writer). Still, I went
and checked all the biographies myself, and he’s right. The proportion
of Jewish members of the first Soviet government was not 85% or even 80%
but 6.25%.
The photo below is of an earlier Council of People’s
Commissars in the short-lived coalition government between Lenin’s
Bolsheviks and the left wing of the
Socialist Revolutionaries,
which lasted from December 1917 until March 1918 when the Bolsheviks
pushed out the SRs and took sole power. Note that it too includes a
single Jewish member (out of 17 total) — though not Trotsky,
interestingly. It’s
Isaac Nachman Steinberg,
an SR leader who served as commissar of justice. He’s the gent sitting
at far left. For the full list of names, check out the photo caption
here.
It’s not clear whether Putin was thinking of the pre- or post-March
council, assuming he’s even aware of the history, which seems dicey
considering what else comes out of his mouth.
The facts here jibe with research I did for a paper in
college years ago, when I sat in the McGill library stacks and went
through the minutes of dozens of meetings that took place during the
years just before and after the 1917 revolutions and counted names. I
found that there were many Jews in leadership roles in the
Mensheviks
and the Socialist Revolutionaries, but very few among the Bolsheviks.
(Trotsky himself was a Menshevik until he switched sides in April 1917.)
If memory serves (we’re going back four decades here)
the numbers something like under 10% Jews in the top & middle tiers
of Bolshevik leadership, around 25% or 30% among the SRs and close to
40% among the Mensheviks. What all three had in common was that they
weren’t the tsars, but it appears that for most Jews the Bolsheviks and
their “dictatorship of the proletariat” stuff were a bit too close for
comfort to what they’d just gotten rid of.
As for Putin, beyond the ignorance of his remarks,
there’s a certain blithe naivete combined with a sublime lack of
self-awareness in his comments. It looks like he thought he was being
friendly and riffing off an obvious fact that everyone knows, namely
that the Jews cooked up the revolution and all that, and wanted to note
that we’ve all gotten over it. As the JTA
reported them (without, alas, questioning the veracity of the “predominantly Jewish Soviet government” meme),
According to the official transcription of Putin’s speech at the
museum, he went on to say that the politicians on the predominantly
Jewish Soviet government “were guided by false ideological
considerations and supported the arrest and repression of Jews, Russian
Orthodox Christians, Muslims and members of other faiths. They grouped
everyone into the same category.
“Thankfully, those ideological goggles and faulty ideological
perceptions collapsed. And today, we are essentially returning these
books to the Jewish community with a happy smile.”
This from a guy who spent 16 years of his life serving
in the KGB under the communists. On the plus side, he was speaking from a
career’s worth of rich professional experience in the “arrest and
repression” of all those folks. He may not know how to tell myth and
slander from truth, but he’s got the arrest and repression part down
cold.
Wikimedia Commons
(Click to enlarge) Council
of People’s Commissars, Bolshevik-Socialist Revolutionary coalition
government, December 1917-March 1918. isaac Steinberg, far left;
Vladimir Lenin, 8th from left; Joseph Stalin, standing to Lenin’s right.